Rankings
Philosophers, books, and concepts ranked by total saves. Filter by era, movement, or branch to narrow results.
#
Name
Years
Era
Movement
Branches
Views
Saves
1
René Descartes
Rationalism
1596–1650
Early Modern
Rationalism
11
4
2
Plato
Socratic
428–348 BC
Ancient
Socratic
35
3
3
Aristotle
Socratic
384–322 BC
Ancient
Socratic
48
2
4
Friedrich Nietzsche
Existentialism
1844–1900
Modern
Existentialism
23
1
5
Immanuel Kant
Enlightenment
1724–1804
Modern
Enlightenment
8
1
6
Siddhartha Gautama
Buddhism
563–483 BC
Eastern
Buddhism
7
1
7
David Hume
Empiricism
1711–1776
Early Modern
Empiricism
5
1
8
Heraclitus
Pre-Socratic
535–475 BC
Ancient
Pre-Socratic
5
1
9
Jean-Paul Sartre
Existentialism
1905–1980
Contemporary
Existentialism
14
0
10
Simone de Beauvoir
Existentialism
1908–1986
Contemporary
Existentialism
10
0
11
Marcus Aurelius
Stoicism
121–180 AD
Ancient
Stoicism
9
0
12
St Augustine
Neoplatonism
354–430
Ancient
Neoplatonism
6
0
13
Thales
Pre-Socratic
624–548 BC
Ancient
Pre-Socratic
6
0
14
Avicenna
Falsafa
980–1037
Scholastic
Falsafa
4
0
15
Confucius
Chinese
551–479 BC
Eastern
Chinese
3
0
16
Alfred North Whitehead
Analytic
1861–1947
Modern
Analytic
3
0
17
Mozi
Chinese
470–391 BC
Eastern
Chinese
3
0
18
John Searle
Analytic
1932–
Contemporary
Analytic
2
0
19
William of Ockham
Scholasticism
1287–1347
Scholastic
Scholasticism
2
0
20
Henri Bergson
Process Philosophy
1859–1941
Contemporary
Process Philosophy
2
0
21
Judith Butler
Critical Theory
b. 1956
Contemporary
Critical Theory
2
0
22
Vladimir Solovyov
Idealism
1853–1900
Modern
Idealism
2
0
23
Zeno of Citium
Stoicism
334–262 BC
Ancient
Stoicism
2
0
24
Xun Kuang
Chinese
310–235 BC
Eastern
Chinese
2
0
25
Mahatma Gandhi
Hindu / Vedic
1869–1948
Contemporary
Hindu / Vedic
2
0
26
Peter Abelard
Scholasticism
1079–1142
Scholastic
Scholasticism
2
0
27
Cornel West
Critical Theory
b. 1953
Contemporary
Critical Theory
2
0
28
Luce Irigaray
Feminism
b. 1930
Contemporary
Feminism
2
0
29
Simone Weil
Critical Theory
1909–1943
Contemporary
Critical Theory
2
0
30
John B. Cobb
Process Philosophy
1925–
Contemporary
Process Philosophy
2
0
31
Slavoj Žižek
Critical Theory
b. 1949
Contemporary
Critical Theory
2
0
32
B.R. Ambedkar
Buddhism
1891–1956
Contemporary
Buddhism
2
0
33
Mencius
Chinese
372–289 BC
Eastern
Chinese
2
0
34
Zhu Xi
Chinese
1130–1200
Eastern
Chinese
2
0
35
Noam Chomsky
Analytic
b. 1928
Contemporary
Analytic
2
0
36
Baruch Spinoza
Rationalism
1632–1677
Early Modern
Rationalism
2
0
37
Jakob Böhme
Mysticism
1575–1624
Early Modern
Mysticism
2
0
38
Jalal ad-Din Rumi
Falsafa
1207–1273
Scholastic
Falsafa
2
0
39
Edmund Burke
Enlightenment
1729–1797
Early Modern
Enlightenment
1
0
40
Charles Sanders Peirce
Pragmatism
1839–1914
Contemporary
Pragmatism
1
0
41
Erasmus
Humanism
1466–1536
Early Modern
Humanism
1
0
42
Ramanuja
Hindu / Vedic
1017–1137
Eastern
Hindu / Vedic
1
0
43
Denis Diderot
Enlightenment
1713–1784
Early Modern
Enlightenment
1
0
44
Anselm of Canterbury
Scholasticism
1033–1109
Scholastic
Scholasticism
1
0
45
Averroes
Falsafa
1126–1198
Scholastic
Falsafa
1
0
46
George Berkeley
Empiricism
1685–1753
Early Modern
Empiricism
1
0
47
Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz
Rationalism
1646–1716
Early Modern
Rationalism
1
0
48
Emmanuel Levinas
Jewish Philosophy
1906–1995
Contemporary
Jewish Philosophy
1
0
49
Francis Bacon
Empiricism
1561–1626
Early Modern
Empiricism
1
0
50
Paul Ricoeur
Hermeneutics
1913–2005
Contemporary
Hermeneutics
1
0
51
Voltaire
Enlightenment
1694–1778
Early Modern
Enlightenment
1
0
52
Martin Buber
Existentialism
1878–1965
Contemporary
Existentialism
1
0
53
Parmenides
Pre-Socratic
515–450 BC
Ancient
Pre-Socratic
1
0
54
Seneca
Stoicism
4 BC–65 AD
Ancient
Stoicism
1
0
55
Pythagoras
Pre-Socratic
570–495 BC
Ancient
Pre-Socratic
1
0
56
Diogenes
Cynicism
412–323 BC
Ancient
Cynicism
1
0
57
Rabindranath Tagore
Hindu / Vedic
1861–1941
Contemporary
Hindu / Vedic
1
0
58
Nichiren
Buddhism
1222–1282
Eastern
Buddhism
1
0
59
Jeremy Bentham
Utilitarianism
1748–1832
Modern
Utilitarianism
1
0
60
Yi Hwang (Toegye)
Korean
1501–1570
Early Modern
Korean
1
0
61
Aldous Huxley
Existentialism
1894–1963
Contemporary
Existentialism
1
0
62
Michel Foucault
Critical Theory
1926–1984
Contemporary
Critical Theory
1
0
63
Nagarjuna
Buddhism
150–250 AD
Eastern
Buddhism
1
0
64
Thomas Hobbes
Natural Philosophy
1588–1679
Early Modern
Natural Philosophy
1
0
65
Laozi
Chinese
6th century BC
Eastern
Chinese
1
0
66
Mahavira
Indian
599–527 BC
Eastern
Indian
1
0
67
Edmund Husserl
Phenomenology
1859–1938
Contemporary
Phenomenology
1
0
68
Niccolo Machiavelli
Humanism
1469–1527
Early Modern
Humanism
1
0
69
Thomas Aquinas
Scholasticism
1225–1274
Scholastic
Scholasticism
1
0
70
John Stuart Mill
Utilitarianism
1806–1873
Modern
Utilitarianism
1
0
71
Arthur Schopenhauer
Idealism
1788–1860
Modern
Idealism
1
0
72
William James
Pragmatism
1842–1910
Contemporary
Pragmatism
1
0
73
Frances Power Cobbe
Feminism
1822–1904
Modern
Feminism
1
0
74
Jürgen Habermas
Critical Theory
1929–
Contemporary
Critical Theory
1
0
75
Fyodor Dostoevsky
Existentialism
1821–1881
Modern
Existentialism
1
0
76
Wang Yangming
Chinese
1472–1529
Eastern
Chinese
1
0
77
Mikhail Bakunin
Marxism
1814–1876
Modern
Marxism
1
0
78
Alasdair MacIntyre
Analytic
1929–
Contemporary
Analytic
1
0
79
Origen
Neoplatonism
c. 184–253
Ancient
Neoplatonism
1
0
80
Shinran
Buddhism
1173–1263
Eastern
Buddhism
1
0
81
Sun Yat-sen
Chinese
1866–1925
Contemporary
Chinese
1
0
82
Ayn Rand
Rationalism
1905–1982
Contemporary
Rationalism
1
0
83
Epicurus
Epicureanism
341–270 BC
Ancient
Epicureanism
1
0
84
Hōnen
Buddhism
1133–1212
Eastern
Buddhism
1
0
85
Judith Jarvis Thomson
Analytic
1929–2020
Contemporary
Analytic
1
0
86
Martha Nussbaum
Analytic
b. 1947
Contemporary
Analytic
1
0
87
Thomas Nagel
Analytic
b. 1937
Contemporary
Analytic
1
0
88
Madhvacharya
Hindu / Vedic
1238–1317
Eastern
Hindu / Vedic
1
0
89
Kanada
Hindu / Vedic
600–100 BC
Eastern
Hindu / Vedic
1
0
90
Han Fei
Chinese
280–233 BC
Eastern
Chinese
1
0
91
Patanjali
Hindu / Vedic
200–100 BC
Eastern
Hindu / Vedic
1
0
92
W.E.B. Du Bois
Critical Theory
1868–1963
Contemporary
Critical Theory
1
0
93
Sextus Empiricus
Skepticism
160–210
Ancient
Skepticism
1
0
94
Ramana Maharshi
Hindu / Vedic
1879–1950
Contemporary
Hindu / Vedic
1
0
95
Edith Stein
Phenomenology
1891–1942
Contemporary
Phenomenology
1
0
96
Hans-Georg Gadamer
Hermeneutics
1900–2002
Contemporary
Hermeneutics
1
0
97
Franz Brentano
Phenomenology
1838–1917
Contemporary
Phenomenology
1
0
98
Gilles Deleuze
Critical Theory
1925–1995
Contemporary
Critical Theory
1
0
99
Theodor Adorno
Critical Theory
1903–1969
Contemporary
Critical Theory
1
0
100
Peter Singer
Analytic
b. 1946
Contemporary
Analytic
1
0
101
John McDowell
Analytic
b. 1942
Contemporary
Analytic
1
0
102
Nicholas of Cusa
Mysticism
1401–1464
Early Modern
Mysticism
1
0
103
Vasubandhu
Buddhism
320–400
Eastern
Buddhism
1
0
104
Thomas More
Humanism
1478–1535
Early Modern
Humanism
1
0
105
Udayana
Hindu / Vedic
c. 975–1050
Scholastic
Hindu / Vedic
1
0
106
Dōgen
Buddhism
1200–1253
Eastern
Buddhism
1
0
107
Adi Shankara
Hindu / Vedic
788–820
Eastern
Hindu / Vedic
1
0
108
Al-Ghazali
Falsafa
1058–1111
Scholastic
Falsafa
1
0
109
Plotinus
Neoplatonism
204–270 AD
Ancient
Neoplatonism
1
0
110
Herbert Spencer
Positivism
1820–1903
Modern
Positivism
1
0
111
Albert Camus
Existentialism
1913–1960
Contemporary
Existentialism
1
0
112
Chanakya
Indian
350–275 BC
Eastern
Indian
1
0
113
Gottlob Frege
Analytic
1848–1925
Contemporary
Analytic
1
0
114
Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel
Idealism
1770–1831
Modern
Idealism
1
0
115
Auguste Comte
Positivism
1798–1857
Modern
Positivism
1
0
116
Joseph Raz
Analytic
1939–2022
Contemporary
Analytic
1
0
117
Charles Taylor
Hermeneutics
1931–
Contemporary
Hermeneutics
1
0
118
Alain Badiou
Marxism
1937–
Contemporary
Marxism
1
0
119
Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
Idealism
1749–1832
Early Modern
Idealism
1
0
120
Friedrich Schelling
Idealism
1775–1854
Modern
Idealism
1
0
121
Martin Heidegger
Hermeneutics
1889–1976
Contemporary
Hermeneutics
1
0
122
Epictetus
Stoicism
50–135 AD
Ancient
Stoicism
1
0
123
José Rizal
Enlightenment
1861–1896
Modern
Enlightenment
1
0
124
Emanuel Swedenborg
Mysticism
1688–1772
Early Modern
Mysticism
1
0
125
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
Enlightenment
1712–1778
Early Modern
Enlightenment
1
0
126
Johann Gottlieb Fichte
Idealism
1762–1814
Modern
Idealism
1
0
127
Mary Wollstonecraft
Enlightenment
1759–1797
Early Modern
Enlightenment
1
0
128
John Rawls
Analytic
1921–2002
Contemporary
Analytic
1
0
129
Jacques Derrida
Structuralism
1930–2004
Contemporary
Structuralism
1
0
130
George Santayana
Analytic
1863–1952
Contemporary
Analytic
1
0
131
Hannah Arendt
Critical Theory
1906–1975
Contemporary
Critical Theory
1
0
132
Carl Jung
Mysticism
1875–1961
Contemporary
Mysticism
1
0
133
Mikhail Bulgakov
Existentialism
1891–1940
Contemporary
Existentialism
1
0
134
Attar of Nishapur
Falsafa
c. 1145–c. 1221
Scholastic
Falsafa
1
0
135
Zoroaster
Mysticism
1500–1000 BC
Ancient
Mysticism
0
0
136
Richard Rorty
Analytic
1931–2007
Contemporary
Analytic
0
0
137
Saul Kripke
Analytic
1940–2022
Contemporary
Analytic
0
0
138
Frantz Fanon
Critical Theory
1925–1961
Contemporary
Critical Theory
0
0
139
Lucretius
Epicureanism
99–55 BC
Ancient
Epicureanism
0
0
140
Maimonides
Jewish Philosophy
1138–1204
Scholastic
Jewish Philosophy
0
0
141
Rudolf Carnap
Analytic
1891–1970
Contemporary
Analytic
0
0
142
Martin Luther King Jr.
Critical Theory
1929–1968
Contemporary
Critical Theory
0
0
143
Hilary Putnam
Analytic
1926–2016
Contemporary
Analytic
0
0
144
Thomas Carlyle
Idealism
1795–1881
Modern
Idealism
0
0
145
Paracelsus
Mysticism
1493–1541
Early Modern
Mysticism
0
0
146
Zeno of Elea
Pre-Socratic
490–430 BC
Ancient
Pre-Socratic
0
0
147
W.V.O. Quine
Analytic
1908–2000
Contemporary
Analytic
0
0
148
Karl Marx
Marxism
1818–1883
Modern
Marxism
0
0
149
Ralph Waldo Emerson
Idealism
1803–1882
Modern
Idealism
0
0
150
Ludwig Wittgenstein
Analytic
1889–1951
Contemporary
Analytic
0
0
151
Mao Zedong
Chinese
1893–1976
Contemporary
Chinese
0
0
152
Ibn Khaldun
Falsafa
1332–1406
Scholastic
Falsafa
0
0
153
John Dewey
Pragmatism
1859–1952
Contemporary
Pragmatism
0
0
154
Henry Sidgwick
Analytic
1838–1900
Modern
Analytic
0
0
155
Zhuangzi
Chinese
369–286 BC
Eastern
Chinese
0
0
156
Isaac Luria
Jewish Philosophy
1534–1572
Early Modern
Jewish Philosophy
0
0
157
Maurice Merleau-Ponty
Phenomenology
1908–1961
Contemporary
Phenomenology
0
0
158
Cicero
Skepticism
106–43 BC
Ancient
Skepticism
0
0
159
John Locke
Empiricism
1632–1704
Early Modern
Empiricism
0
0
160
Karl Popper
Analytic
1902–1994
Contemporary
Analytic
0
0
161
Giordano Bruno
Hermeticism
1548–1600
Early Modern
Hermeticism
0
0
162
Al-Farabi
Falsafa
872–950
Scholastic
Falsafa
0
0
163
Elizabeth Anscombe
Analytic
1919–2001
Contemporary
Analytic
0
0
164
Thomas Kuhn
Analytic
1922–1996
Contemporary
Analytic
0
0
165
Socrates
Socratic
470–399 BC
Ancient
Socratic
0
0
166
Amartya Sen
Analytic
b. 1933
Contemporary
Analytic
0
0
167
Robert Nozick
Analytic
1938–2002
Contemporary
Analytic
0
0
168
Nishida Kitaro
Japanese
1870–1945
Contemporary
Japanese
0
0
169
Sun Tzu
Chinese
544–496 BC
Eastern
Chinese
0
0
170
Yi I (Yulgok)
Korean
1536–1584
Early Modern
Korean
0
0
171
Søren Kierkegaard
Existentialism
1813–1855
Modern
Existentialism
0
0
172
Bertrand Russell
Analytic
1872–1970
Contemporary
Analytic
0
0
173
Hypatia
Neoplatonism
360–415
Ancient
Neoplatonism
0
0
174
Boethius
Neoplatonism
477–524
Scholastic
Neoplatonism
0
0
175
F.H. Bradley
Idealism
1846–1924
Modern
Idealism
0
0
176
Leo Tolstoy
Existentialism
1828–1910
Modern
Existentialism
0
0
177
Walter Benjamin
Critical Theory
1892–1940
Contemporary
Critical Theory
0
0
178
Democritus
Pre-Socratic
460–370 BC
Ancient
Pre-Socratic
0
0
179
John Duns Scotus
Scholasticism
1266–1308
Scholastic
Scholasticism
0
0
180
Montesquieu
Enlightenment
1689–1755
Early Modern
Enlightenment
0
0
181
Blaise Pascal
Mysticism
1623–1662
Early Modern
Mysticism
0
0
182
Thomas Paine
Enlightenment
1737–1809
Early Modern
Enlightenment
0
0
183
Rudolf Steiner
Mysticism
1861–1925
Contemporary
Mysticism
0
0
184
Claude Lévi-Strauss
Structuralism
1908–2009
Contemporary
Structuralism
0
0
185
George Edward Moore
Analytic
1873–1958
Contemporary
Analytic
0
0
186
Sigmund Freud
Critical Theory
1856–1939
Contemporary
Critical Theory
0
0
187
Donald Davidson
Analytic
1917–2003
Contemporary
Analytic
0
0
188
Michel de Montaigne
Humanism
1533–1592
Early Modern
Humanism
0
0
189
Philippa Foot
Analytic
1920–2010
Contemporary
Analytic
0
0
190
Alvin Plantinga
Analytic
1932–
Contemporary
Analytic
0
0
191
Bernard Williams
Analytic
1929–2003
Contemporary
Analytic
0
0
192
Richard Swinburne
Analytic
1934–
Contemporary
Analytic
0
0