Al-Farabi

Abu Nasr al-Farabi was a philosopher and music theorist of Turkic origin, working in the Islamic world, who is known as the "Second Teacher" — second only to Aristotle. He was the first to systematically engage with Greek political philosophy within an Islamic context, developing a political philosophy that synthesised Plato's Republic and Aristotle's Politics with Islamic prophetology. His vision of the "Virtuous City", governed by a philosopher-prophet who combines theoretical and practical wisdom, was enormously influential on subsequent Islamic and Jewish philosophy.