Browse

1910–1989

Adi Shankara

Hindu / Vedic

Adi Shankara

788–820

Al-Farabi

Islamic

Al-Farabi

872–950

Al-Ghazali

Sufism

Al-Ghazali

Sufism

1058–1111

Al-Kindī

Islamic

Al-Kindī

c. 801–873

Alain Badiou

Marxism

Alain Badiou

Marxism

1937–

Alasdair MacIntyre

Analytic

Alasdair MacIntyre

1929–

Albert Camus

Existentialism

Albert Camus

1913–1960

Aldous Huxley

Mysticism

Aldous Huxley

1894–1963

Alfred North Whitehead

Process Philosophy

Alfred North Whitehead

1861–1947

Alvin Plantinga

Analytic

Alvin Plantinga

1932–

Amartya Sen

Analytic

Amartya Sen

b. 1933

Anselm of Canterbury

Scholasticism

Anselm of Canterbury

1033–1109

Aristotle

Peripatetic

Aristotle

Peripatetic

384–322 BC

Arthur Schopenhauer

Voluntarism

Arthur Schopenhauer

Voluntarism

1788–1860

Attar of Nishapur

Mysticism

Attar of Nishapur

c. 1145–c. 1221

Auguste Comte

Positivism

Auguste Comte

1798–1857

Averroes

Islamic

Averroes

1126–1198

Avicenna

Islamic

Avicenna

980–1037

Ayn Rand

Objectivism

Ayn Rand

Objectivism

1905–1982

B.R. Ambedkar

Buddhism

B.R. Ambedkar

1891–1956

Baruch Spinoza

Rationalism

Baruch Spinoza

Rationalism

1632–1677

Bernard Williams

Analytic

Bernard Williams

1929–2003

Bertrand Russell

Analytic

Bertrand Russell

1872–1970

Blaise Pascal

Mysticism

Blaise Pascal

1623–1662

Boethius

Neoplatonism

Boethius

477–524

Carl Jung

Psychoanalysis

Carl Jung

Psychoanalysis

1875–1961

Chanakya

Hindu / Vedic

Chanakya

350–275 BC

Charles Hartshorne

Process Philosophy

Charles Hartshorne

1897–2000

Charles Sanders Peirce

Pragmatism

Charles Sanders Peirce

1839–1914

Charles Taylor

Phenomenology

Charles Taylor

1931–

Cicero

Stoicism

Cicero

106–43 BC

Claude Lévi-Strauss

Structuralism

Claude Lévi-Strauss

Structuralism

1908–2009

Confucius

Confucianism

Confucius

Confucianism

551–479 BC

Cornel West

Pragmatism

Cornel West

b. 1953

Daniel Dennett

Analytic

Daniel Dennett

1942–2024

David Hume

Empiricism

David Hume

1711–1776

Democritus

Atomism

Democritus

Atomism

460–370 BC

Denis Diderot

Enlightenment

Denis Diderot

1713–1784

Diogenes

Cynicism

Diogenes

Cynicism

412–323 BC

Dōgen

Buddhism

Dōgen

1200–1253

Donald Davidson

Analytic

Donald Davidson

1917–2003

Edith Stein

Phenomenology

Edith Stein

1891–1942

Edmund Burke

Enlightenment

Edmund Burke

1729–1797

Edmund Husserl

Phenomenology

Edmund Husserl

1859–1938

Elizabeth Anscombe

Analytic

Elizabeth Anscombe

1919–2001

Emanuel Swedenborg

Mysticism

Emanuel Swedenborg

1688–1772

Emmanuel Levinas

Phenomenology

Emmanuel Levinas

1906–1995

Epictetus

Stoicism

Epictetus

50–135 AD

Epicurus

Epicureanism

Epicurus

Epicureanism

341–270 BC

Erasmus

Humanism

Erasmus

1466–1536

Erich Fromm

Critical Theory

Erich Fromm

1900–1980

Ernst Cassirer

German Idealism

Ernst Cassirer

1874–1945

F.H. Bradley

British Idealism

F.H. Bradley

British Idealism

1846–1924

Frances Power Cobbe

Feminism

Frances Power Cobbe

1822–1904

Francis Bacon

Empiricism

Francis Bacon

1561–1626

Francisco Suárez

Scholasticism

Francisco Suárez

1548–1617

Frantz Fanon

Critical Theory

Frantz Fanon

1925–1961

Franz Brentano

Phenomenology

Franz Brentano

1838–1917

Franz Rosenzweig

Jewish Philosophy

Franz Rosenzweig

Jewish Philosophy

1886–1929

Friedrich Nietzsche

Existentialism

Friedrich Nietzsche

1844–1900

Friedrich Schelling

German Idealism

Friedrich Schelling

1775–1854

Friedrich Schiller

German Idealism

Friedrich Schiller

1759–1805

Friedrich Schleiermacher

German Idealism

Friedrich Schleiermacher

Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel

1768–1834

Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel

German Idealism

1770–1831

George Berkeley

Empiricism

George Berkeley

1685–1753

George Edward Moore

Analytic

George Edward Moore

1873–1958

George Santayana

Analytic

George Santayana

Giovanni Pico della Mirandola

1863–1952

Gilles Deleuze

Post-Structuralism

Gilles Deleuze

Post-Structuralism

1925–1995

Giordano Bruno

Hermeticism

Giordano Bruno

Hermeticism

1548–1600

Giovanni Pico della Mirandola

Humanism

Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz

1463–1494

Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz

Rationalism

Rationalism

1646–1716

Gottlob Frege

Analytic

Gottlob Frege

1848–1925

Han Fei

Legalism

Han Fei

Legalism

280–233 BC

Hannah Arendt

Phenomenology

Hannah Arendt

1906–1975

Hans-Georg Gadamer

Hermeneutics

Hans-Georg Gadamer

Hermeneutics

1900–2002

Henri Bergson

Process Philosophy

Henri Bergson

1859–1941

Henry Sidgwick

Utilitarianism

Henry Sidgwick

1838–1900

Heraclitus

Natural Philosophy

Heraclitus

535–475 BC

Herbert Marcuse

Critical Theory

Herbert Marcuse

1898–1979

Herbert Spencer

Positivism

Herbert Spencer

1820–1903

Hilary Putnam

Analytic

Hilary Putnam

1926–2016

Hōnen

Buddhism

Hōnen

1133–1212

Hypatia

Neoplatonism

Hypatia

360–415

Iamblichus

Neoplatonism

Iamblichus

c. 245–325

Ibn Khaldun

Islamic

Ibn Khaldun

1332–1406

Immanuel Kant

German Idealism

Immanuel Kant

1724–1804

Isaac Luria

Kabbalah

Isaac Luria

Kabbalah

1534–1572

J.L. Austin

Analytic

J.L. Austin

1911–1960

Jacques Derrida

Post-Structuralism

Jacques Derrida

Post-Structuralism

1930–2004

Jakob Böhme

Mysticism

Jakob Böhme

1575–1624

Jalal ad-Din Rumi

Mysticism

Jalal ad-Din Rumi

1207–1273

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

Enlightenment

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

1712–1778

Jean-Paul Sartre

Existentialism

Jean-Paul Sartre

1905–1980

Jeremy Bentham

Utilitarianism

Jeremy Bentham

1748–1832

Johann Gottlieb Fichte

German Idealism

Johann Gottlieb Fichte

1762–1814

John B. Cobb

Process Philosophy

John B. Cobb

1925–

John Dewey

Pragmatism

John Dewey

1859–1952

John Duns Scotus

Scholasticism

John Duns Scotus

1266–1308

John Locke

Empiricism

John Locke

1632–1704

John McDowell

Analytic

John McDowell

b. 1942

John Rawls

Analytic

John Rawls

1921–2002

John Scotus Eriugena

Mysticism

John Scotus Eriugena

c. 800–877

John Searle

Analytic

John Searle

1932–

John Stuart Mill

Utilitarianism

John Stuart Mill

1806–1873

John Toland

Enlightenment

John Toland

1670–1722

José Ortega y Gasset

Existentialism

José Ortega y Gasset

1883–1955

José Rizal

Enlightenment

José Rizal

1861–1896

Joseph Raz

Analytic

Joseph Raz

1939–2022

Judith Butler

Feminism

Judith Butler

b. 1956

Judith Jarvis Thomson

Analytic

Judith Jarvis Thomson

1929–2020

Jürgen Habermas

Critical Theory

Jürgen Habermas

1929–

Kanada

Hindu / Vedic

Kanada

600–100 BC

Karl Jaspers

Existentialism

Karl Jaspers

1883–1969

Karl Marx

Marxism

Karl Marx

Marxism

1818–1883

Karl Popper

Analytic

Karl Popper

1902–1994

Laozi

Daoism

Laozi

Daoism

6th century BC

Leo Strauss

Analytic

Leo Strauss

1899–1973

Leo Tolstoy

Existentialism

Leo Tolstoy

1828–1910

Luce Irigaray

Feminism

Luce Irigaray

b. 1930

Lucretius

Epicureanism

Lucretius

Epicureanism

99–55 BC

Ludwig Wittgenstein

Analytic

Ludwig Wittgenstein

1889–1951

Madhvacharya

Hindu / Vedic

Madhvacharya

1238–1317

Mahatma Gandhi

Hindu / Vedic

Mahatma Gandhi

1869–1948

Mahavira

Jainism

Mahavira

Jainism

599–527 BC

Maimonides

Jewish

Maimonides

Jewish

1138–1204

Marcus Aurelius

Stoicism

Marcus Aurelius

121–180 AD

Marsilio Ficino

Humanism

Marsilio Ficino

1433–1499

Martha Nussbaum

Analytic

Martha Nussbaum

b. 1947

Martin Buber

Existentialism

Martin Buber

1878–1965

Martin Heidegger

Phenomenology

Martin Heidegger

1889–1976

Mary Wollstonecraft

Feminism

Mary Wollstonecraft

1759–1797

Maurice Merleau-Ponty

Phenomenology

Maurice Merleau-Ponty

1908–1961

Max Horkheimer

Critical Theory

Max Horkheimer

1895–1973

Max Scheler

Phenomenology

Max Scheler

1874–1928

Meister Eckhart

Mysticism

Meister Eckhart

c. 1260–1328

Mencius

Confucianism

Mencius

Confucianism

372–289 BC

Michel de Montaigne

Humanism

Michel de Montaigne

1533–1592

Michel Foucault

Critical Theory

Michel Foucault

1926–1984

Miguel de Unamuno

Existentialism

Miguel de Unamuno

1864–1936

Mikhail Bakunin

Marxism

Mikhail Bakunin

Marxism

1814–1876

Montesquieu

Enlightenment

Montesquieu

1689–1755

Mozi

Mohism

Mozi

Mohism

470–391 BC

Nagarjuna

Buddhism

Nagarjuna

150–250 AD

Niccolo Machiavelli

Humanism

Niccolo Machiavelli

1469–1527

Nichiren

Buddhism

Nichiren

1222–1282

Nicholas of Cusa

Mysticism

Nicholas of Cusa

1401–1464

Nikolai Berdyaev

Existentialism

Nikolai Berdyaev

1874–1948

Nishida Kitaro

Phenomenology

Nishida Kitaro

1870–1945

Noam Chomsky

Analytic

Noam Chomsky

b. 1928

Origen

Neoplatonism

Origen

c. 184–253

Oswald Spengler

German Idealism

Oswald Spengler

1880–1936

Paracelsus

Natural Philosophy

Paracelsus

1493–1541

Parmenides

Eleatic

Parmenides

Eleatic

515–450 BC

Patanjali

Hindu / Vedic

Patanjali

200–100 BC

Paul Ricoeur

Hermeneutics

Paul Ricoeur

Hermeneutics

1913–2005

Paul Tillich

Existentialism

Paul Tillich

1886–1965

Peter Abelard

Scholasticism

Peter Abelard

1079–1142

Peter Singer

Utilitarianism

Peter Singer

b. 1946

Peter Strawson

Analytic

Peter Strawson

1919–2006

Philippa Foot

Analytic

Philippa Foot

Pierre Teilhard de Chardin

1920–2010

Pierre Teilhard de Chardin

Christianity

Christianity

1881–1955

Plato

Platonism

Plato

Platonism

428–348 BC

Plotinus

Neoplatonism

Plotinus

204–270 AD

Pythagoras

Pythagoreanism

Pythagoras

Pythagoreanism

570–495 BC

Rabindranath Tagore

Hindu / Vedic

Rabindranath Tagore

1861–1941

Ralph Waldo Emerson

Transcendentalism

Ralph Waldo Emerson

Transcendentalism

1803–1882

Ramana Maharshi

Mysticism

Ramana Maharshi

1879–1950

Ramanuja

Hindu / Vedic

Ramanuja

1017–1137

René Descartes

Rationalism

René Descartes

Rationalism

1596–1650

Richard Rorty

Pragmatism

Richard Rorty

1931–2007

Richard Swinburne

Christianity

Richard Swinburne

Christianity

1934–

Robert Nozick

Analytic

Robert Nozick

1938–2002

Rudolf Carnap

Positivism

Rudolf Carnap

1891–1970

Rudolf Steiner

Mysticism

Rudolf Steiner

1861–1925

Saul Kripke

Analytic

Saul Kripke

1940–2022

Seneca

Stoicism

Seneca

4 BC–65 AD

Sextus Empiricus

Skepticism

Sextus Empiricus

Skepticism

160–210

Shinran

Buddhism

Shinran

1173–1263

Siddhartha Gautama

Buddhism

Siddhartha Gautama

563–483 BC

Sigmund Freud

Psychoanalysis

Sigmund Freud

Psychoanalysis

1856–1939

Simone de Beauvoir

Feminism

Simone de Beauvoir

1908–1986

Simone Weil

Mysticism

Simone Weil

1909–1943

Slavoj Žižek

Critical Theory

Slavoj Žižek

b. 1949

Socrates

Socratic

Socrates

Socratic

470–399 BC

Søren Kierkegaard

Existentialism

Søren Kierkegaard

1813–1855

St Augustine

Neoplatonism

St Augustine

354–430

Sun Tzu

Daoism

Sun Tzu

Daoism

544–496 BC

Thales

Natural Philosophy

Thales

624–548 BC

Theodor Adorno

Critical Theory

Theodor Adorno

1903–1969

Thomas Aquinas

Scholasticism

Thomas Aquinas

1225–1274

Thomas Hobbes

Natural Philosophy

Thomas Hobbes

1588–1679

Thomas Kuhn

Analytic

Thomas Kuhn

1922–1996

Thomas More

Humanism

Thomas More

1478–1535

Thomas Nagel

Analytic

Thomas Nagel

b. 1937

Thomas Paine

Enlightenment

Thomas Paine

1737–1809

Udayana

Hindu / Vedic

Udayana

c. 975–1050

Vasubandhu

Buddhism

Vasubandhu

320–400

Vladimir Solovyov

Mysticism

Vladimir Solovyov

1853–1900

Voltaire

Enlightenment

Voltaire

1694–1778

W.E.B. Du Bois

Critical Theory

W.E.B. Du Bois

1868–1963

W.V.O. Quine

Analytic

W.V.O. Quine

1908–2000

Walter Benjamin

Critical Theory

Walter Benjamin

1892–1940

Wang Yangming

Neo-Confucianism

Wang Yangming

1472–1529

Wilhelm Dilthey

Hermeneutics

Wilhelm Dilthey

Hermeneutics

1833–1911

William James

Pragmatism

William James

1842–1910

William of Ockham

Scholasticism

William of Ockham

1287–1347

Xun Kuang

Confucianism

Xun Kuang

Confucianism

310–235 BC

Yi Hwang (Toegye)

Neo-Confucianism

Yi Hwang (Toegye)

1501–1570

Yi I (Yulgok)

Neo-Confucianism

Yi I (Yulgok)

1536–1584

Zeno of Citium

Stoicism

Zeno of Citium

334–262 BC

Zeno of Elea

Eleatic

Zeno of Elea

Eleatic

490–430 BC

Zhu Xi

Neo-Confucianism

Zhu Xi