Mohism

Mohism, founded by Mozi in the fifth century BCE, offered a radical alternative to Confucianism. Where Confucians emphasised differentiated love and hierarchy, Mohists championed universal love (jian ai) — impartial concern for all people equally. Rigorous consequentialists, they evaluated practices by their benefits to the population. Mohism also developed one of China's most sophisticated traditions of logic and argumentation.