Communitarianism

Communitarianism emerged in the 1980s as a sustained critique of liberal political philosophy's individualism. Its central claim is that the self is not a free-floating chooser prior to its ends and attachments, but is constituted by communities, traditions, and shared practices. Alasdair MacIntyre argued that modern moral philosophy had lost the Aristotelian framework of virtue and shared goods that alone makes ethics coherent. Charles Taylor showed that liberal atomism misunderstands the conditions of human self-understanding. Together they shifted political philosophy toward questions of belonging, recognition, and the common good.