Ethics

Critique of Practical Reason

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Immanuel Kant

1788

Kant's second Critique examines the foundations of moral philosophy and the nature of practical reason. Where the first Critique showed the limits of theoretical knowledge, this work argues that pure reason alone — without recourse to experience or inclination — can and does determine the moral law. It develops the concept of the categorical imperative into a fully systematic ethics and establishes the postulates of practical reason: freedom, immortality, and God.